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The first thing to know is the concept of derivatives. Here is a page from the fabulous Khancademy that explains this concept in details and very sweet. It basically shows the slope of a function at any given point and is mainly used to find the critical points of the function (minimum, maximum, and point(s) of inflection).
Functions are defined by variables. If a function is defined by two or more variables, we can get the derivative of the function with respect to only one variable, that is called partial derivative. In this case, the other variables play the role of constants in the process of taking derivatives.
Another concept in calculus is the curvature or sharpness of curve. The inverse of the absolute value of curvature is called the radius of curvature.
When it comes to taking the limit of functions at a point, the L'Hopital's Rule is very useful that must be known. The Next thing after taking the limits and the derivatives is the integration, which is basically the inverse of differentiation (taking derivatives). There are a lot of different ways to do the integration and here is an excellent page from Khanacademy that excels it in every way possible. Also, there is another page that talks about limits all over.. Enjoy it...
Next in Math is Differential Equations.
Next, is the del operator (∇) for vectors, or the gradient vector function, which is used to find the maximum rate of change for when we have a surface and the maximum rate of change may not be in the direction of any coordinate axes. I happen to find a nice set of youtube videos that talks about the gradient vector and two other important concepts of divergence and curl of a vector field. These videos are in three parts: part 1, part 2, and part 3.
When one knows about the above, it's time to learn about the centroid and moment of inertia. And then comes some fancy terms like centroidal distance, centroidal moment of inertia, and parallel axis theorem (accessed 10/5/15).
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