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Next thing is the properties of soil when water is added to it, which is directly related to the amount of its fine grained material. The Atterberg limits are defined to classify different behaviors as water is added to soil, which helps in designating the appropriate structure of the soil for different types of application, say subgrade of the roads. Based on the Aatterberg limits and the sieve analysis AASHTO has put soils into a classification table which can be found here. There is another way to classify soils, which is called the unified soil classification system.
[2B ConTnued]
Well, this was my favorite area of science when I was doing my bachelors'. Anyway, the first thing to know is that there are different types of rocks on the world, but they are generally divided into three classes: Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Here is a page (accessed 10/12/15) that describes each one in details.
Next thing is that in soil mechanics, distribution of size of the particles matter. Generally they are divided into two three groups of coarse grained, fine grained, and organic matter. Coarse grains are gravel and sand; fine grains are silt and clay and the rest is just organic which is a no no for structural designs. In a more technical view of these groupings, they are grouped based on sieve analysis (accessed 10/12/15) and sieve no. 200 with 0.075 mm holes separates the fines from the coarse gained material. In sieve analysis, some important coefficients are defined such as the uniformity coefficient and coefficient of gradation. Go to this page (accessed 10/12/15) with much details and example about these matters.
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