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When we want to lay a road between any two points, there are tons of rules, standards, constraints, etc. that needs to be followed and met. The reason for all these seemingly hassles is to increase safety and efficiency, while decrease the construction and other costs and the damage to the environment. This process is named geometric design of roadway.
The technical term for a stretch of road is "alignment"; there is horizontal and vertical alignment which means how a road is shaped horizontally or vertically on the surface of earth. Each of these alignments have their own designing procedure and rules, but for the sake of FE exam we just go through what's important to know.
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