This is the third step in the process of safety management. Remember, if the safety management is a 6-story building with no elevator, you have to go through each story until you reach the pent house. The first level is about network screening, after the screening is completed, it is time to diagnose the problems and patterns in the network which happens in the second level; well then, when you know what the problems are, you start thinking about how to solve it or technically act against it, counteract with countermeasures. That is what the third level of this building is all about.
Next in the process of safety management is to see whether the implementation of these countermeasures are economically justified by conducting an economic appraisal.
By the way, since we are dealing with crashes and their countermeasures, here is a nice website (last accessed 02/25/2015) to sketch some crash diagrams just like the police officers do supposed to draw at the crash scene.